Undernutrition has always been a significant public health challenge in middle and lower-income countries. However, due to improved socio-economic conditions and lifestyle changes, undernutrition is decreasing while overnutrition is increasing rapidly. This has led to a dual burden of malnutrition, particularly among women. This cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases in 2019 and 2022, among adult women (18 to <60 years) in the Midnapore municipal area of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India, with the aim of assessing the nutritional status of adult women in the area. The study also aimed to examine the socio-economic factors that influence the nutritional status of the study population. Primary data were collected using structured surveys and interviews, and anthropometric measurements were taken using standard procedures. Total 200 participants were included in the study using purposive sampling method. Statistical significance was considered at p-values ≤0.05. The study found that overnutrition is highly prevalent among the participants (45%), while undernutrition is also a concern, affecting a significant number of women (8%). Additionally, central obesity is high among the participants. Factors such as age, education, occupation, and physical activity were found to be statistically associated with the nutritional status of the participants. In India, the focus of academic and awareness programs has historically been on combating undernutrition. However, with the changing circumstances, there is a need to realign the focus and promote healthy eating and lifestyle habits.