Infectious diseases remain a major public health concern for many less developed countries including Bangladesh. In order to investigate the level of awareness among people regarding infectious diseases for its early prevention,the aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge of preventive measures on seven infectious diseases and also to find out its associated factors in the rural areas of Rajshahi district in Bangladesh. The cross-sectional data were collected from 1161 adult individuals by using a semi-structural questionnaire. Apart from the percentage distribution, multiple logistic models were also used to understand the association between factors. The results revealed that the preventive knowledge about the studied infectious diseases was varied considerably. Majority of the individuals had the knowledge of preventing diarrhea (79%) whereas only 1.8% of individuals had the preventive knowledge of Kala-azar. The younger participants was more likely to have preventive knowledge of diarrhea (p<0.05), but the opposite result was found for worm infestation (p<0.05). Female had more aware of preventive knowledge on diarrhea disease and worm infestation than male (p<0.05). Generally higher educated individuals were more likely to have the preventive knowledge of infectious diseases than uneducated persons (p<0.05). Our study reveals that the level of preventive knowledge about infectious disease is very low among the adults in the rural Rajshahi areas of Bangladesh, where level of education may have played a major role, which has required early attention.