The present cross-sectional study is based on a sub-sample of 482 mothers. These mothers belong to four scheduled castes namely- Chamar, Kori, Dhobi and Domar of District Banda of Uttar Pradesh. The extent of natural selection was computed using demographical variable following Crow (1958) and Johnston and Kensinger (1971). The average of live birth per mother was found to be 6.5 with a variance of 6.317. As per Crow’s index, the value of natural selection intensity was found to be 0.554 but, the total index of selection (I2) varies between Kori (1.3) to Chamar (1.4), which indicates high embryonic mortality (0.842). The comparison of present findings with other contemporary populations indicates that the scheduled caste groups have higher selection index as well as embryonic mortality.