Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality and cause of mental retardation globally. Persons born with DS are at an increased risk for various health conditions, including thyroid disease, leukemia, congenital heart defects, gastrointestinal tract abnormalities, obesity and diabetes mellitus. The present case control study was conducted by taking blood samples on 420 subjects aged 20 to 40 years including 210 adults with down syndrome (120 males and 90 females) and 210 age and sex matched healthy controls (120 males and 90 females) from different areas of Punjab (India). The objectives of the study were to assess and compare the glucose levels and lipid profiles in adults with down syndrome and controls and to further evaluate the prevalence of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in both the groups. The levels of glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were higher in the males with down syndrome than their control peers with statistically significant differences. The values of total cholesterol and LDL were greater in controls with statistically significant differences for LDL. The values of glucose and all the variables of lipid profile were lesser in females with down syndrome than the controls with statistically non-significant differences except for LDL. Greater percentage of DS males had alterations in glucose levels in comparison to the controls while equal percentages of females were hyperglycaemic. The categorization on the basis of cholesterol levels showed that greater percentage of control subjects were in the risk category while the majority of DS subjects were having normal cholesterol values. According to the LDL levels, males (12.5% DS and 16.67% controls) and DS females (11.11%) were in high and very high risk category. On the basis of HDL values, greater percentage of males from both the groups were having normal levels while the females from both the groups were in lower risk category. Half of the sample of DS males was at borderline on the basis of triglyceride levels. Greater percentage of males (controls) was at the high risk level in comparison to their DS counterparts. A significant number of DS females (55.56%) were in the high risk category. The males of control group (54.17%) and DS females (66.67%) were having normal VLDL levels. Greater percentages of DS males were in the borderline and high risk category than their control peers.